This executive summary provides key updated information and findings related to the impacts on Viet Nam’s economy of changes in the population age structure, and a number of policy recommendations on how to extend the period of the country’s demographic dividend, thereby contributing to the country’s economic growth. The information and findings presented are drawn from the updated version (2016) of a previously conducted research (in 2015) by the Viet Nam Institute for Development Strategies (VIDS) under the Ministry of Planning and Investment (MPI). The updated research uses the National Transfer Accounts (NTA) and 2014 data.