This factsheet presents key highlights of changes in population age and sex structure in Viet Nam, using the data from two Viet Nam Population and Housing Censuses, conducted in 1999 and 2009 and the Intercensal Population and Housing Survey (IPS 2014). The factsheet also includes policy implications and recommendations on how Viet Nam should address both opportunities and challenges brought about by its population dynamics in the development and implementation of social and economic policies, and programmes.