Viet Nam has has undergone a significant transition in migration and urbanization over the past three decades. In 2009, Viet Nam had 6.7 million migrants aged over 5 years old, accounting for 8.5% of the total population. In 2019, it increased to 6.4 million migrants, accounting for 7.3% of the total population. Migration trend gradually increased over the period of 1989-2009, but declined in both its absolute and relative figures over the last 5 years.

Migration not only contributes to the economic growth of destination areas but also poses challenges for development. It requires appropriate evidence-based policies to ensure that migration not only provides better life for migrants, but also allow them to make the greatest contribution to the development of the community and society as a whole, to ensure no one is left behind in the development process.