In recent years, Viet Nam’s fertility trend has consistently declined from 2.1 in 2005 to 2.03 in 2009, 2.0 in 2010 and 1.99 children per woman in 2011. Many Asian countries where fertility has fallen below the replacement level, such as Japan, South Korea, Singapore and Thailand are challenged by future shortages of labour and productivity, which potentially impact on the quality of life for the ageing generations.