In 1989, the average number of children per woman of reproductive age was four children, reduced to two children per woman in 2009 and maintained until now. In 2019, the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of Viet Nam was 2.09 children per woman, lower than the replacement level. This trend has been going on for over a decade. According to researchers, this fertility decline has been sustained in Viet Nam. This figure indicates that Viet Nam has effectively implemented its population and family planning policies and has been shifting to the integrated and comprehensive approach towards population and development.

Viet Nam population is in a phase of rapid changes. Now is the time for Viet Nam to come up with appropriate policies to respond to these demographic changes, as they intensively affect the family life and the national socio-economic development.